Poland: Direct Versus Indirect Trade -- Poland's Hidden Market for US Ag Exports

The U.S. Census Bureau's bulk, intermediate, and consumer-oriented (BICO) export data tracks U.S. food and agricultural trade shipped directly to Poland. However, it does not measure the substantial levels of the U.S. agricultural trade to Poland routed through Western European ports of entry. According to BICO, U.S. suppliers shipped $208 million of U.S. food and agriculture to Poland in 2021. However, according to Poland’s Central Statistical Office (CSO), which measures trade by country of origin and, therefore, reflects both direct and indirect trade, Poland sourced upwards of $582 million of U.S. food and agriculture in 2021. FAS Warsaw encourages USDA cooperators and other U.S. food and agricultural exporters and stakeholders to look beyond BICO data and review different data sources when considering resource allocation and market development strategies for Poland.